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Acetyl-L-carnitine is similar in form to the amino acid L-carnitine and also has some similar functions, such as beinginvolved in the metabolism of food into energy. The acetyl group that is part of acetyl-L-carnitine contributes to the production of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, which is required for mental function.
Where is it found?
Acetyl-L-carnitine is a molecule that occurs naturally in the brain, liver, and kidney. It is also available as a dietary supplement.
Health Concerns
Acetyl-L-carnitine has been used in connection with the following conditions (refer to the individual health concern for complete information):
| Rating | Health Concerns |
|---|---|
 | Age-related cognitive decline |
 | Alzheimer's disease Depression (for elderly people) Down's syndrome Erectile dysfunction (in combination with L-carnitine) Fibromyalgia Macular degeneration (in combination with fish oil and coenzyme Q10) Type 1 diabetes Type 2 diabetes Cerebellar ataxia, degenerative |
 | Amenorrhea Male infertility Peripheral neuropathy |
| Reliable and relatively
consistent scientific data showing a substantial health benefit. Contradictory,
insufficient, or preliminary studies suggesting a health benefit or minimal health
benefit. An herb is primarily
supported by traditional use, or the herb or supplement has little scientific support and/or
minimal health benefit.
| |
Deficiency Symptoms
Who is likely to be deficient?
Acetyl-L-carnitine levels may decrease with advancing age. However, because it is not an essential nutrient, true deficiencies do not occur.
Dosage
How much is usually taken?
Most research involving acetyl-L-carnitine has used 500 mg three times per day, though some research has used double this amount.1
Side Effects
Are there any side effects or interactions?
Side effects from taking acetyl-L-carnitine are uncommon, although skin rash, increased appetite, nausea, vomiting, agitation, and body odor have been reported in people taking acetyl-L-carnitine.2, 3
Are there any drug interactions?
Certain medicines may interact with acetyl-L-carnitine. Refer to drug interactions for a list of those medicines.
References
- No authors listed. Acetyl-L-Carnitine. Altern Med Rev 1999;4:438-41 [review].
- Thal LJ, Carta A, Clarke WR, et al. A 1-year multicenter placebo-controlled study of acetyl-L-carnitine in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Neurology 1996;47:705-11.
- Rai G, Wright G, Scott L, et al. Double-blind, placebo controlled study of acetyl-L-carnitine in patients with Alzheimer's dementia. Curr Med Res Opin 1990;11:638-47.
Last Review: 09-01-2007
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The information presented in Healthnotes is for informational purposes only. It is based on scientific studies (human, animal, or in vitro), clinical experience, or traditional usage as cited in each article. The results reported may not necessarily occur in all individuals. For many of the conditions discussed, treatment with prescription or over the counter medication is also available. Consult your doctor, practitioner, and/or pharmacist for any health problem and before using any supplements or before making any changes in prescribed medications. Information expires June 2009.
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