Also indexed as:

CoQ10, Ubiquinone

Related Topics

See also:

• Coenzyme Q10 for Sports & Fitness
• Drug interactions

Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is also called ubiquinone, a name that signifies its ubiquitous(widespread) distribution in the human body. CoQ10 is used by the body totransform food intoadenosine triphosphate (ATP), the energy on which the body runs.

Where is it found?

CoQ10 is found primarily in fish and meat, but the amounts in food are far less than what can be obtained from supplements.

Health Concerns

Coenzyme Q10 has been used in connection with the following conditions (refer to the individual health concern for complete information):

Rating	Health Concerns
	Angina Heart attack High blood pressure
	Cardiomyopathy Congestive heart failure Gingivitis (periodontal disease) Halitosis (if gum disease) Macular degeneration (in combination with acetyl-L-carnitine and fish oil) Migraine headaches Parkinson's disease Type 2 diabetes Cerebellar ataxia (familial) Renal (kidney) failure
	Alzheimer's disease Athletic performance Breast cancer Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) HIV support Infertility (male) Insulin resistance syndrome (Syndrome X) Lung cancer Prostate cancer Tinnitus (if blood levels of CoQ10 are low) Type 1 diabetes Muscular dystrophy
Reliable and relatively consistent scientific data showing a substantial health benefit. Contradictory, insufficient, or preliminary studies suggesting a health benefit or minimal health benefit. An herb is primarily supported by traditional use, or the herb or supplement has little scientific support and/or minimal health benefit.

Deficiency Symptoms

Who is likely to be deficient?

Deficiency is poorly understood, but it may be caused by synthesis problems in the body rather than an insufficiency in the diet. Low blood levels have been reported in people with heart failure, cardiomyopathy, gingivitis (inflammation of the gums), morbid obesity, hypertension, muscular dystrophy, diabetes, AIDS, and in some people on kidney dialysis. People with phenylketonuria (PKU) may be deficient in CoQ10 because of dietary restrictions.¹ CoQ10 levels are also generally lower in older people. The test used to assess CoQ10 status is not routinely available from medical laboratories.

Which form of coenzyme Q10 is best?

Some,² but not all,³ research suggests that a fat-soluble form of CoQ10 is absorbed better than CoQ10 in granular (powder) form.⁴

Dosage

How much is usually taken?

Adult levels of supplementation are usually 30-90 mg per day, although people with specific health conditions may supplement with higher levels (with the involvement of a physician). Most of the research on heart conditions has used 90-150 mg of CoQ10 per day. People with cancer who consider taking much higher amounts should discuss this issue with a doctor before supplementing. There are several anecdotal reports of large amounts of CoQ10 resulting in improvements in certain types of cancer. However, controlled trials are needed to confirm these preliminary observations. Most doctors recommend that CoQ10 be taken with meals to improve absorption.

Side Effects

Are there any side effects or interactions?

Congestive heart failure patients who are taking CoQ10 should not discontinue taking CoQ10 supplements unless under the supervision of a doctor.

An isolated test tube study reported that the anticancer effect of a certain cholesterol-lowering drug was blocked by addition of CoQ10.⁵ So far, experts in the field have put little stock in this report because its results have not yet been confirmed in animal, human, or even other test tube studies. The drug used in the test tube is not used to treat cancer, and preliminary information regarding the use of high amounts of CoQ10 in humans suggests the possibility of anticancer activity.^{6, 7, 8}

Are there any drug interactions?

Certain medicines may interact with coenzyme Q10. Refer to drug interactions for a list of those medicines.

References

1. Artuch R, Vilaseca MA, Moreno J, et al. Decreased serum ubiquinone-10 concentrations in phenylketonuria. Am J Clin Nutr 1999;70:892-5.
2. Weiss M, Mortensen SA, Rassig MR, et al. Bioavailability of four oral coenzyme Q10 formulations in healthy volunteers. Molec Aspects Med 1994;15:273-80.
3. Kaikkonen J, Nyyssonen K, Porkkala-Sarataho E, et al. Effect of oral coenzyme Q10 on the oxidation resistance of human VLDL + LDL fraction: absorption and antioxidative properties of oil and granule-based preparations. Free Radic Biol Med 1997;22:1195-202.
4. Chopra RK, Goldman R, Sinatra ST, Bhagavan HN. Relative bioavailability of coenzyme Q10 formulations in human subjects. Int J Vitam Nutr Res 1998;68:109-13.
5. Larsson O. Effects of isoprenoids on growth of normal human mammary epithelial cells and breast cancer cells in vitro. Anticancer Res 1994;114:123-8.
6. Lockwood K, Moesgaard S, Folkers K. Partial and complete regression of breast cancer in patients in relation to dosage of coenzyme Q10. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1994;199:1504-8.
7. Lockwood K, Moesgaard S, Yamamoto T, Folkers K. Progress on therapy of breast cancer with vitamin Q10 and the regression of metastases. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1995;212:172-7.
8. Judy WV. Nutritional intervention in cancer prevention and treatment. American College for Advancement in Medicine Spring Conference, Ft. Lauderdale, FL. May 3, 1998.

Last Review: 09-01-2007

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The information presented in Healthnotes is for informational purposes only. It is based on scientific studies (human, animal, or in vitro), clinical experience, or traditional usage as cited in each article. The results reported may not necessarily occur in all individuals. For many of the conditions discussed, treatment with prescription or over the counter medication is also available. Consult your doctor, practitioner, and/or pharmacist for any health problem and before using any supplements or before making any changes in prescribed medications. Information expires June 2009.