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	Abnormal Pap Smear 09/01/2007 Symptoms What are the symptoms? There are no symptoms of cervical dysplasia until the disease has progressed into advanced cancer. Therefore, it is crucial that sexually active women, or women over age 20, have yearly Pap smears until the age of 65.
	About Healthnotes, Inc. 09/01/2007 This information does not replace the advice of a doctor. Healthwise disclaims any warranty or liability for your use of this information. Your use of this information means that you agree to the Terms of Use . How this information was developed to help you make better health decisions.
	Açaí 09/01/2007   Common name: Açaí açaí-do-para, açaí-do-baixo Amazonas, açaizeiro, assaí, palmito açaí, piriá Botanical Names Botanical names: Euterpe oleracea Mart. Parts used and where grown Clusters of round, dark purple-to-black, berry-shaped açaí fruits are harvested to make juice, ice pops, and herbal supplements. Ethnobotanists have also documented folk medicine uses for the seed oil, fruit rind, and roots.
	Acebutolol 09/01/2007 An asterisk (*) next to an item in the summary indicates that the interaction is supported only by weak, fragmentary, and/or contradictory scientific evidence. Interactions with Supplements Potassium Some beta-adrenergic blockers (called "nonselective" beta blockers) decrease the uptake of potassium from the blood into the cells, 1 leading to excess potassium in the blood, a potentially dangerous condition known as hyperkalemia.
	Acetaminophen 09/01/2007 An asterisk (*) next to an item in the summary indicates that the interaction is supported only by weak, fragmentary, and/or contradictory scientific evidence. Interactions with Supplements NAC Hospitals use oral and intravenous NAC (N-acetyl cysteine) to treat liver damage induced by acetaminophen overdose poisoning. 1 NAC is often administered intravenously by emergency room doctors. Oral NAC appears to be effective for acetaminophen toxicity.
	Acetaminophen with Codeine 09/01/2007 An asterisk (*) next to an item in the summary indicates that the interaction is supported only by weak, fragmentary, and/or contradictory scientific evidence. Interactions with Supplements N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) Hospitals use oral and intravenous N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) to treat liver damage induced by acetaminophen overdose poisoning. 1 NAC is often administered intravenously by emergency room doctors. Oral NAC appears to be effective for acetaminophen toxicity.
	Acetyl-L-Carnitine 09/01/2007 Deficiency Symptoms Who is likely to be deficient? Acetyl-L-carnitine levels may decrease with advancing age. However, because it is not an essential nutrient, true deficiencies do not occur. Dosage How much is usually taken? Most research involving acetyl-L-carnitine has used 500 mg three times per day, though some research has used double this amount.
	Acne Rosacea 09/01/2007 Symptoms What are the symptoms? The skin of the center of the face-typically on or surrounding the nose-is red and swollen, with acne-like blemishes. As the condition progresses, parts of the eye can become inflamed and the nose may enlarge. Diet Dietary changes that may be helpful Alcohol may increase the reddening of the skin affected by rosacea, but alcohol is not the cause of this disease.
	Acne Vulgaris 09/01/2007 Symptoms What are the symptoms? Acne is a skin condition characterized by pimples, which may be closed (sometimes called pustules or "whiteheads") or open (blackheads), on the face, neck, chest, back, and shoulders. Most acne is mild, although some people experience inflammation with larger cysts, which may result in scarring. Diet Dietary changes that may be helpful Many people assume certain aspects of diet are linked to acne, but there is not much evidence to support this idea.
	Acne Vulgaris -- Homeopathic Remedies 09/01/2007 This information does not replace the advice of a doctor. Healthwise disclaims any warranty or liability for your use of this information. Your use of this information means that you agree to the Terms of Use . How this information was developed to help you make better health decisions.
	Acrodermatitis Enteropathica 09/01/2007 Symptoms What are the symptoms? Symptoms of this condition include growth retardation, diarrhea , hair loss, and a red skin rash. Skin around the fingernails may be red and swollen. Diet Dietary changes that may be helpful Oysters, beef, liver, pumpkin seeds, pecans, and Brazil nuts are all high in zinc. 1 However, people with acrodermatitis enteropathica also need to take zinc supplements.
	Acupuncture 09/01/2007 References Tanaka TH, Leisman G, Nishijo K. The physiological responses induced by superficial acupuncture: a comparative study of acupuncture stimulation during exhalation phase and continuous stimulation. Int J Neurosci 1997;90:45-58. Last Review: 09-01-2007 Copyright © 2008 Healthnotes, Inc.  All rights reserved. www.healthnotes.com Learn more about Healthnotes, the company. Learn more about the authors of Healthnotes.
	Acyclovir Oral 09/01/2007 An asterisk (*) next to an item in the summary indicates that the interaction is supported only by weak, fragmentary, and/or contradictory scientific evidence. Interactions with Supplements Flavonoids The flavonoids quercetin , quercitrin, and apigenin enhanced the antiviral activity of acyclovir in test tube studies. 1 Controlled research is needed to determine whether taking quercetin or other flavonoid supplements would increase the effectiveness of acyclovir in humans.
	Acyclovir Topical 09/01/2007 An asterisk (*) next to an item in the summary indicates that the interaction is supported only by weak, fragmentary, and/or contradictory scientific evidence. Last Review: 09-01-2007 Copyright © 2008 Healthnotes, Inc.  All rights reserved.  www.healthnotes.com Please read the disclaimer about the limitations of the information provided here. Do NOT rely solely on the information in this article. Learn more about Healthnotes, the company.
	Adapalene 09/01/2007 An asterisk (*) next to an item in the summary indicates that the interaction is supported only by weak, fragmentary, and/or contradictory scientific evidence. Other Interactions Topical application of adapalene may cause skin irritation in some individuals. This irritation can be worsened when alcohol, astringents, spices, and lime are also applied to the area. 1 Sensitive individuals should use caution when using adapalene and other topical compounds. References Sifton DW, ed.
	Adenosine Monophosphate 09/01/2007 Deficiency Symptoms Who is likely to be deficient? Preliminary research suggests that people with herpes simplex or herpes zoster ( shingles ) infections may have low levels of AMP; however, the clinical significance of this finding is unclear. 1 Dosage How much is usually taken? The trials using AMP for photosensitivity have used 160-200 mg of AMP per day; however, the ideal intake of this supplement has not been determined.
	Adrenal Extract 09/01/2007 Deficiency Symptoms Who is likely to be deficient? As adrenal extract is not an essential nutrient, no nutritional deficiency state exists. However, some people have suboptimal adrenal function or frank adrenal insufficiency. The diagnosis of adrenal problems should be made by a physician. Dosage How much is usually taken? The amount of adrenal extract taken will depend upon the quality and potency of the product.
	Advair Diskus 09/01/2007 An asterisk (*) next to an item in the summary indicates that the interaction is supported only by weak, fragmentary, and/or contradictory scientific evidence. Interactions with Supplements Calcium Most of an inhaled dose of beclomethasone (a drug similar to fluticasone) is actually swallowed, which may lead to reduced absorption of calcium. 1 Health practitioners may recommend calcium supplementation to individuals using beclomethasone inhalers.
	Age-Related Cognitive Decline 09/01/2007 Symptoms What are the symptoms? People with ARCD experience deterioration in memory and learning, attention and concentration, thinking, use of language, and other mental functions. Diet Dietary changes that may be helpful In the elderly population of southern Italy, which eats a typical Mediterranean diet, high intake of monounsaturated fatty acids (e.g., olive oil) has been associated with protection against ARCD in preliminary research.
	AHCC 09/01/2007 Traditional Use Historical or traditional use (may or may not be supported by scientific studies) AHCC was not used in traditional medicine. The mushrooms of the type from which AHCC is made were historically used as tonics and for chronic infections, anemia, and a variety of other conditions. 1 Active Constituents Active constituents AHCC consists of polysaccharides, particularly low molecular weight alpha-1,3-glucans, amino acids, and minerals.
	Alanine 09/01/2007 Deficiency Symptoms Who is likely to be deficient? Since alanine is synthesized in the body and is also provided by most foods that are sources of protein, deficiencies are unlikely to occur. 1 Dosage How much is usually taken? Most people do not need to supplement with alanine; for those who do use this amino acid as a supplement, appropriate amounts should be determined with the consultation of a physician.
	Albuterol 09/01/2007 An asterisk (*) next to an item in the summary indicates that the interaction is supported only by weak, fragmentary, and/or contradictory scientific evidence. Interactions with Supplements Minerals Therapeutic amounts of intravenous salbutamol (albuterol) in four healthy people were associated with decreased plasma levels of calcium , magnesium , phosphate, and potassium . 1 Decreased potassium levels have been reported with oral, 2 intramuscular, and subcutaneous albuterol administration.
	Alcohol Withdrawal 09/01/2007 Symptoms What are the symptoms? A person typically has a mild to severe hangover that lasts several days. Symptoms may include stomach upset ; headache; shakes or jitters; feelings of generalized anxiety or panic attacks; and insomnia that may be accompanied by bad dreams. There may be also be increases in heart rate, breathing rate, and body temperature.
	Alcohol Withdrawal Support -- Homeopathic Remedies 09/01/2007 This information does not replace the advice of a doctor. Healthwise disclaims any warranty or liability for your use of this information. Your use of this information means that you agree to the Terms of Use . How this information was developed to help you make better health decisions.
	Alder Buckthorn 09/01/2007   Related Topics See also: Drug interactions Common name: Frangula Botanical Names Botanical name: Rhamnus frangula Parts used and where grown Alder buckthorn is a tall shrub native to northern Europe. The bark of alder buckthorn is removed, cut into small pieces, and dried for one year before being used medicinally. Fresh bark has an emetic or vomit-inducing property and is therefore not used.
	Alendronate 09/01/2007 An asterisk (*) next to an item in the summary indicates that the interaction is supported only by weak, fragmentary, and/or contradictory scientific evidence. Interactions with Supplements Calcium Calcium supplements may interfere with alendronate absorption.
	Alfalfa 09/01/2007   Common name: Lucerne Botanical Names Botanical name: Medicago sativa Parts used and where grown Alfalfa, also known as lucerne, is a member of the pea family and is native to western Asia and the eastern Mediterranean region. Alfalfa sprouts have become a popular food. Alfalfa herbal supplements primarily use the dried leaves of the plant. The heat-treated seeds of the plant have also been used.
	Alfuzosin 09/01/2007 An asterisk (*) next to an item in the summary indicates that the interaction is supported only by weak, fragmentary, and/or contradictory scientific evidence. Last Review: 09-01-2007 Copyright © 2008 Healthnotes, Inc.  All rights reserved.  www.healthnotes.com Please read the disclaimer about the limitations of the information provided here. Do NOT rely solely on the information in this article. Learn more about Healthnotes, the company.
	Allergies and Sensitivities 09/01/2007 Symptoms What are the symptoms? Common symptoms may include itchy, watery eyes; sneezing; headache; fatigue; postnasal drip; runny, stuffy, or itchy nose; sore throat; dark circles under the eyes; an itchy feeling in the mouth or throat; abdominal pain; diarrhea ; and the appearance of an itchy, red skin rash. Life-threatening allergic reactions-most commonly to peanuts, nuts, shellfish, and some drugs-are uncommon.
	Allergies and Sensitivities (Food and Chemical) -- Homeopathic Remedies 09/01/2007 This information does not replace the advice of a doctor. Healthwise disclaims any warranty or liability for your use of this information. Your use of this information means that you agree to the Terms of Use . How this information was developed to help you make better health decisions.
	Allopurinol 09/01/2007 An asterisk (*) next to an item in the summary indicates that the interaction is supported only by weak, fragmentary, and/or contradictory scientific evidence. Interactions with Supplements Vitamin D Individuals with gout have low blood concentration of the active form of vitamin D (1,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol), and allopurinol corrects this problem. 1 L-Carnitine People who have Duchenne muscular dystrophy have low levels of L-carnitine in their muscles.
	Aloe 09/01/2007   Related Topics See also: Drug interactions Botanical Names Botanical names: Aloe vera Aloe barbadensis Parts used and where grown The aloe plant originally came from Africa. The leaves, which are long, green, fleshy, and have spikes along the edges, are used medicinally. The fresh leaf gel and latex are used for many purposes. Aloe latex is the sticky residue left over after the liquid from cut aloe leaves has evaporated.
	Alpha Ketoglutarate (AKG) 09/01/2007 Deficiency Symptoms Who is likely to be deficient? AKG is not an essential nutrient, and no deficiency has been reported. Dosage How much is usually taken? Only intravenous AKG has been used in research studies; no reliable information about desirable oral amounts is available. Side Effects Are there any side effects or interactions? No side effects have been reported with the use of AKG. No clear interactions between AKG and other nutrients have been established.
	Alpha Lipoic Acid 09/01/2007 Deficiency Symptoms Who is likely to be deficient? Although alpha lipoic acid was thought to be a vitamin when it was first discovered, subsequent research determined that it is created in the human body-and thus is not an essential nutrient. For this reason, deficiencies of alpha lipoic acid are not known to occur in humans. Dosage How much is usually taken? The amount of alpha lipoic acid used in research to improve diabetic neuropathies is 800 mg per day and 150 mg per day for glaucoma .
	Alprazolam 09/01/2007 An asterisk (*) next to an item in the summary indicates that the interaction is supported only by weak, fragmentary, and/or contradictory scientific evidence. Interactions with Supplements Vinpocetine In a preliminary trial, an extract of periwinkle called vinpocetine was shown to produce minor improvements in short-term memory among people taking flunitrazepam, a benzodiazepine.
	Aluminum Hydroxide 09/01/2007 An asterisk (*) next to an item in the summary indicates that the interaction is supported only by weak, fragmentary, and/or contradictory scientific evidence. Interactions with Supplements Alginates A thick gel derived from algae has been used together with aluminum antacids to treat heartburn. Together, alginate gel and antacid were more effective at relieving symptoms 1 and improving healing. 2 Alginate is believed to work by physically blocking stomach acid from touching the esophagus.
	Alzheimer's Disease 09/01/2007 Symptoms What are the symptoms? Symptoms of Alzheimer's include a pattern of forgetfulness, short attention span, difficulty in performing routine tasks, language problems, disorientation, poor judgment, problems with thinking, misplacing things, depression , irritability, paranoia, hostility, and lack of initiative. Diet Dietary changes that may be helpful Whether aluminum in the diet can cause Alzheimer's disease remains controversial.
	Amantadine 09/01/2007 An asterisk (*) next to an item in the summary indicates that the interaction is supported only by weak, fragmentary, and/or contradictory scientific evidence. Other Interactions Alcohol Drinking alcoholic beverages while taking amantadine may enhance side effects of the drug, such as dizziness, confusion, and light-headedness. 1 Therefore, combining alcohol and amantadine should be avoided. References Sifton DW, ed. Physicians Desk Reference. Montvale, NJ: Medical Economics Company, Inc.
	Amenorrhea 09/01/2007 Symptoms What are the symptoms? Women with amenorrhea may have symptoms of absent periods, increased facial hair, decreased pubic and armpit hair, deeper voice, decreased breast size, and secretions from the breast. Diet Dietary changes that may be helpful It has long been known that extreme dietary restriction can cause amenorrhea. 8 , 9 When such restriction is due to eating disorders , such as anorexia and bulimia, 10 professional treatment is necessary.
	American Ginseng 09/01/2007   Related Topics See also: American Ginseng for Sports & Fitness Drug interactions Botanical Names Botanical name: Panax quinquefolius Parts used and where grown Like its more familiar cousin Asian ginseng (Panax ginseng), the root of American ginseng is used medicinally. The plant grows wild in shady forests of the northern and central United States, as well as in parts of Canada. It is cultivated in the United States, China, and France.
	American Scullcap 09/01/2007   Common name: Scullcap Botanical Names Botanical name: Scutellaria lateriflora Parts used and where grown Scullcap is a member of the mint family. Scutellaria lateriflora grows in eastern North America and is most commonly used in United States and European herbal products containing scullcap. The above-ground (aerial) part of the plant is used in herbal preparations. It is not interchangeable with Chinese scullcap .
	Amiloride 09/01/2007 An asterisk (*) next to an item in the summary indicates that the interaction is supported only by weak, fragmentary, and/or contradictory scientific evidence. Interactions with Supplements Folic acid One study showed that people taking diuretics for more than six months had dramatically lower blood levels of folic acid and higher levels of homocysteine compared with individuals not taking diuretics. 1 Homocysteine, a toxic amino acid byproduct, has been associated with atherosclerosis .
	Amino Acids Overview 09/01/2007 Deficiency Symptoms Who is likely to be deficient? The vast majority of Americans eat more than enough protein and also more than enough of each essential amino acid for normal purposes. Dieters, some strict vegetarian body builders, and anyone consuming an inadequate number of calories may not be consuming adequate amounts of amino acids.
	Aminoglycoside Antibiotics 09/01/2007 An asterisk (*) next to an item in the summary indicates that the interaction is supported only by weak, fragmentary, and/or contradictory scientific evidence. Interactions with Supplements Probiotics A common side effect of antibiotics is diarrhea , which may be caused by the elimination of beneficial bacteria normally found in the colon.
	Amiodarone 09/01/2007 An asterisk (*) next to an item in the summary indicates that the interaction is supported only by weak, fragmentary, and/or contradictory scientific evidence. Interactions with Supplements Vitamin E Test tube research on human lung tissue suggests that vitamin E might reduce lung toxicity caused by amiodarone. 1 More research is needed to further investigate this possibility.
	Amlodipine 09/01/2007 An asterisk (*) next to an item in the summary indicates that the interaction is supported only by weak, fragmentary, and/or contradictory scientific evidence. Interactions with Supplements Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) Amlodipine has been shown to raise blood levels of DHEA-sulfate in insulin-resistant, obese men with high blood pressure.
	Amoxicillan-Potassium Clavulanate 09/01/2007 An asterisk (*) next to an item in the summary indicates that the interaction is supported only by weak, fragmentary, and/or contradictory scientific evidence. Interactions with Supplements Bromelain When taken with amoxicillin, bromelain was shown to increase absorption of amoxicillin in humans. 1 When 80 mg of bromelain was taken together with amoxicillin and tetracycline , blood levels of both drugs increased, though how bromelain acts on drug metabolism remains unknown.
	Amoxicillin 09/01/2007 An asterisk (*) next to an item in the summary indicates that the interaction is supported only by weak, fragmentary, and/or contradictory scientific evidence. Interactions with Supplements Bromelain When taken with amoxicillin, bromelain was shown to increase absorption of amoxicillin in humans. 1 When 80 mg of bromelain was taken together with amoxicillin and tetracycline , blood levels of both drugs increased, though how bromelain acts on drug metabolism remains unknown.
	Amphotericin B 09/01/2007 An asterisk (*) next to an item in the summary indicates that the interaction is supported only by weak, fragmentary, and/or contradictory scientific evidence. Interactions with Supplements Magnesium Amphotericin B has been reported to increase urinary excretion of magnesium. 1 It remains unclear whether it is important for people taking this drug to supplement magnesium. References McLean R. Magnesium and its therapeutic uses: A review. Am J Med 1994;96: 63-76.
	Ampicillin 09/01/2007 An asterisk (*) next to an item in the summary indicates that the interaction is supported only by weak, fragmentary, and/or contradictory scientific evidence. Interactions with Supplements Vitamin C Test tube studies show that ampicillin significantly reduces the amount of vitamin C in the blood. 1 Controlled research is needed to determine whether individuals might benefit from supplementing vitamin C while taking ampicillin.
	Amylase Inhibitors 09/01/2007 Deficiency Symptoms Who is likely to be deficient? Amylase inhibitors are not essential nutrients and are not normally produced in the body, so no deficiency is possible. Dosage How much is usually taken? Depending on the potency of the amylase inhibitors , typical intake is 1,500 to 6,000 mg before meals. Side Effects Are there any side effects or interactions? High amounts of amylase inhibitors may cause diarrhea due to the effects of undigested starch in the colon.
	Anastrozole 09/01/2007 An asterisk (*) next to an item in the summary indicates that the interaction is supported only by weak, fragmentary, and/or contradictory scientific evidence. Last Review: 09-01-2007 Copyright © 2008 Healthnotes, Inc.  All rights reserved.  www.healthnotes.com Please read the disclaimer about the limitations of the information provided here. Do NOT rely solely on the information in this article. Learn more about Healthnotes, the company.
	Andrographis 09/01/2007   Common names: Chiretta Chuan xin lian Kalmegh Kirata Botanical Names Botanical name: Andrographis paniculata Parts used and where grown Andrographis originated in the plains of India, and it also grows in China. The leaves and flowers are used medicinally.
	Anemia 09/01/2007 Symptoms What are the symptoms? Some common symptoms of anemia include fatigue, lethargy, weakness, poor concentration, and frequent colds. A peculiar symptom of iron-deficiency anemia, called pica, is the desire to eat unusual things, such as ice, clay, cardboard, paint, or starch.
	Angina 09/01/2007 Symptoms What are the symptoms? Common symptoms of angina include a squeezing pressure, heaviness, ache, or burning pain (like indigestion) in the chest that occur for 5 to 30 minutes at a time. These sensations are usually felt behind the breastbone but may also be felt in the jaw, neck, arms, back, or upper abdomen. Some people may also have difficulty in breathing or may become pale and sweaty.
	Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers 09/01/2007 Last Review: 09-01-2007 Copyright © 2008 Healthnotes, Inc.  All rights reserved.  www.healthnotes.com Please read the disclaimer about the limitations of the information provided here. Do NOT rely solely on the information in this article. Learn more about Healthnotes, the company. Learn more about the authors of Using Medicines with Vitamins and Herbs The information presented in Healthnotes is for informational purposes only.
	Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors 09/01/2007 An asterisk (*) next to an item in the summary indicates that the interaction is supported only by weak, fragmentary, and/or contradictory scientific evidence. Interactions with Supplements Potassium An uncommon yet potentially serious side effect of taking ACE inhibitors is increased blood potassium levels.
	Anise 09/01/2007   Botanical Names Botanical name: Pimpinella anisum Parts used and where grown The seeds of this aromatic plant are used as both medicine and as a cooking spice. Anise comes from Eurasia but is now grown in gardens all over the world.
	Antacids/Acid Blockers 09/01/2007 Last Review: 09-01-2007 Copyright © 2008 Healthnotes, Inc.  All rights reserved.  www.healthnotes.com Please read the disclaimer about the limitations of the information provided here. Do NOT rely solely on the information in this article. Learn more about Healthnotes, the company. Learn more about the authors of Using Medicines with Vitamins and Herbs The information presented in Healthnotes is for informational purposes only.
	Anthelmintics 09/01/2007 Last Review: 09-01-2007 Copyright © 2008 Healthnotes, Inc.  All rights reserved.  www.healthnotes.com Please read the disclaimer about the limitations of the information provided here. Do NOT rely solely on the information in this article. Learn more about Healthnotes, the company. Learn more about the authors of Using Medicines with Vitamins and Herbs The information presented in Healthnotes is for informational purposes only.
	Anthralin 09/01/2007 An asterisk (*) next to an item in the summary indicates that the interaction is supported only by weak, fragmentary, and/or contradictory scientific evidence. Interactions with Supplements Vitamin E Anthralin can cause inflammation of the skin. A preliminary study found that topical use of vitamin E was able to protect against this side effect. 1 This report used a tocopherol form of the vitamin rather than tocopheryl.
	Anti-Infective Agents 09/01/2007 Last Review: 09-01-2007 Copyright © 2008 Healthnotes, Inc.  All rights reserved.  www.healthnotes.com Please read the disclaimer about the limitations of the information provided here. Do NOT rely solely on the information in this article. Learn more about Healthnotes, the company. Learn more about the authors of Using Medicines with Vitamins and Herbs The information presented in Healthnotes is for informational purposes only.
	Anti-Protozoal Drugs 09/01/2007 Last Review: 09-01-2007 Copyright © 2008 Healthnotes, Inc.  All rights reserved.  www.healthnotes.com Please read the disclaimer about the limitations of the information provided here. Do NOT rely solely on the information in this article. Learn more about Healthnotes, the company. Learn more about the authors of Using Medicines with Vitamins and Herbs The information presented in Healthnotes is for informational purposes only.
	Antibiotics 09/01/2007 An asterisk (*) next to an item in the summary indicates that the interaction is supported only by weak, fragmentary, and/or contradictory scientific evidence. Interactions with Supplements Probiotics A common side effect of antibiotics is diarrhea , which may be caused by the elimination of beneficial bacteria normally found in the colon.
	Anticonvulsants 09/01/2007 An asterisk (*) next to an item in the summary indicates that the interaction is supported only by weak, fragmentary, and/or contradictory scientific evidence. Interactions with Supplements Biotin Several controlled studies have shown that long-term anticonvulsant treatment decreases blood levels of biotin. 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 In children, a deficiency of biotin can lead to withdrawn behavior and a delay in mental development.
	Antidepressants 09/01/2007 Last Review: 09-01-2007 Copyright © 2008 Healthnotes, Inc.  All rights reserved.  www.healthnotes.com Please read the disclaimer about the limitations of the information provided here. Do NOT rely solely on the information in this article. Learn more about Healthnotes, the company. Learn more about the authors of Using Medicines with Vitamins and Herbs The information presented in Healthnotes is for informational purposes only.
	Antifungal Agents 09/01/2007 Last Review: 09-01-2007 Copyright © 2008 Healthnotes, Inc.  All rights reserved.  www.healthnotes.com Please read the disclaimer about the limitations of the information provided here. Do NOT rely solely on the information in this article. Learn more about Healthnotes, the company. Learn more about the authors of Using Medicines with Vitamins and Herbs The information presented in Healthnotes is for informational purposes only.
	Antimalarial Drugs 09/01/2007 Last Review: 09-01-2007 Copyright © 2008 Healthnotes, Inc.  All rights reserved.  www.healthnotes.com Please read the disclaimer about the limitations of the information provided here. Do NOT rely solely on the information in this article. Learn more about Healthnotes, the company. Learn more about the authors of Using Medicines with Vitamins and Herbs The information presented in Healthnotes is for informational purposes only.
	Antioxidants and Free Radicals 09/01/2007 This information does not replace the advice of a doctor. Healthwise disclaims any warranty or liability for your use of this information. Your use of this information means that you agree to the Terms of Use . How this information was developed to help you make better health decisions.
	Antitubercular Agents 09/01/2007 Last Review: 09-01-2007 Copyright © 2008 Healthnotes, Inc.  All rights reserved.  www.healthnotes.com Please read the disclaimer about the limitations of the information provided here. Do NOT rely solely on the information in this article. Learn more about Healthnotes, the company. Learn more about the authors of Using Medicines with Vitamins and Herbs The information presented in Healthnotes is for informational purposes only.
	Antiviral Drugs 09/01/2007 Last Review: 09-01-2007 Copyright © 2008 Healthnotes, Inc.  All rights reserved.  www.healthnotes.com Please read the disclaimer about the limitations of the information provided here. Do NOT rely solely on the information in this article. Learn more about Healthnotes, the company. Learn more about the authors of Using Medicines with Vitamins and Herbs The information presented in Healthnotes is for informational purposes only.
	Anxiety 09/01/2007 Symptoms What are the symptoms? Physical symptoms of anxiety include fatigue, insomnia , stomach problems, sweating, racing heart, rapid breathing, shortness of breath, and irritability. Diet Dietary changes that may be helpful All sources of caffeine should be avoided, including coffee, tea, chocolate,caffeinated sodas, and caffeine-containing medications. People with high levels of anxiety appear to be more susceptible to the actions of caffeine.
	Anxiety -- Homeopathic Remedies 09/01/2007 This information does not replace the advice of a doctor. Healthwise disclaims any warranty or liability for your use of this information. Your use of this information means that you agree to the Terms of Use . How this information was developed to help you make better health decisions.
	Arginine 09/01/2007 Deficiency Symptoms Who is likely to be deficient? Normally, the body makes enough arginine, even when it is lacking in the diet. However, during times of unusual stress (including infection , burns , and injury), the body may not be able to keep up with increased requirements. Dosage How much is usually taken? Most people do not need to take extra arginine.
	Arginine AKG (NO2 Compound) 09/01/2007 Deficiency Symptoms Who is likely to be deficient? A deficiency of AAKG has not been reported. Dosage How much is usually taken? Optimal levels remain unknown, though weight lifters were given 12 grams per day in one trial.
	Aromatherapy 09/01/2007 This information does not replace the advice of a doctor. Healthwise disclaims any warranty or liability for your use of this information. Your use of this information means that you agree to the Terms of Use . How this information was developed to help you make better health decisions.
	Artichoke 09/01/2007   Botanical Names Botanical name: Cynara scolymus Parts used and where grown This large thistle-like plant is native to the regions of southern Europe, North Africa, and the Canary Islands. The leaves of the plant are used medicinally. However, the roots and the immature flower heads may also contain beneficial compounds.
	Ashwagandha 09/01/2007   Botanical Names Botanical name: Withania somniferum Parts used and where grown Ashwagandha, which belongs to the pepper family, is found in India and Africa. The roots of ashwagandha are used medicinally.
	Asian Ginseng 09/01/2007   Related Topics See also: Asian Ginseng for Sports & Fitness Drug interactions Common names: Korean ginseng Chinese ginseng Botanical Names Botanical name: Panax ginseng Parts used and where grown Asian ginseng is a member of the Araliaceae family, which also includes the closely related American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius) and less similar Siberian ginseng (Eleutherococcus senticosus), also known as eleuthero .
	Aspirin 09/01/2007 An asterisk (*) next to an item in the summary indicates that the interaction is supported only by weak, fragmentary, and/or contradictory scientific evidence. Interactions with Supplements Folic acid Increased loss of folic acid in urine has been reported in rheumatoid arthritis patients. 1 Reduced blood levels of the vitamin have also been reported in people with arthritis who take aspirin.
	Asthma 09/01/2007 Symptoms What are the symptoms? An asthma attack usually begins with sudden fits of wheezing, coughing, or shortness of breath. However, it may also begin insidiously with slowly increasing manifestations of respiratory distress. A sensation of tightness in the chest is also common.
	Asthma -- Homeopathic Remedies 09/01/2007 This information does not replace the advice of a doctor. Healthwise disclaims any warranty or liability for your use of this information. Your use of this information means that you agree to the Terms of Use . How this information was developed to help you make better health decisions.
	Astragalus 09/01/2007   Common name: Huang qi Botanical Names Botanical name: Astragalus membranaceus Parts used and where grown Astragalus is native to northern China and the elevated regions of the Chinese provinces, Yunnan and Sichuan. The portion of the plant used medicinally is the four- to seven-year-old dried root, collected in the spring. While over 2,000 types of astragalus exist worldwide, the Chinese version has been extensively tested, both chemically and pharmacologically.
	Atazanavir 09/01/2007 An asterisk (*) next to an item in the summary indicates that the interaction is supported only by weak, fragmentary, and/or contradictory scientific evidence. Interactions with Herbs St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum) Taking St. John's wort when taking atazanavir might result in reduced blood levels of the drug, which could lead to reduced effectiveness and eventual resistance. Individuals taking atazanavir should avoid taking St. John's wort at the same time.
	Atenolol 09/01/2007 An asterisk (*) next to an item in the summary indicates that the interaction is supported only by weak, fragmentary, and/or contradictory scientific evidence. Interactions with Supplements Potassium Some beta-adrenergic blockers (called "nonselective" beta blockers) decrease the uptake of potassium from the blood into the cells, 1 leading to excess potassium in the blood, a potentially dangerous condition known as hyperkalemia.
	Atherosclerosis 09/01/2007 Symptoms What are the symptoms? Atherosclerosis is typically a silent disease until one of the many late-stage vascular manifestations intervenes. Some people with atherosclerosis may experience angina (chest pain) or intermittent claudication (leg cramps and pain) on exertion. Symptoms such as these develop gradually as the disease progresses.
	Athlete's Foot 09/01/2007 Symptoms What are the symptoms? Symptoms of athlete's foot include a persistent, burning itch that often starts between the toes. The skin on the feet may be damp, soft, red, cracked, or peeling; the feet may also show patches of dead skin. The feet often have a strong or unusual smell, and sometimes small blisters occur on the feet. Lifestyle Lifestyle changes that may be helpful Keeping the feet dry is very important for preventing and fighting athlete's foot.
	Athletic Performance 09/01/2007 Diet Dietary changes that may be helpful Calories Calorie requirements for athletes depend on the intensity of their training and performance. The athlete who trains to exhaustion on a daily basis needs more fuel than one who performs a milder regimen two or three times per week. Calorie requirements can be as much as 23 to 39 calories per pound of body weight per day for the training athlete who exercises vigorously for several hours per day.
	Athletic Performance -- Homeopathic Remedies 09/01/2007 This information does not replace the advice of a doctor. Healthwise disclaims any warranty or liability for your use of this information. Your use of this information means that you agree to the Terms of Use . How this information was developed to help you make better health decisions.
	Atomoxetine 09/01/2007 An asterisk (*) next to an item in the summary indicates that the interaction is supported only by weak, fragmentary, and/or contradictory scientific evidence. Last Review: 09-01-2007 Copyright © 2008 Healthnotes, Inc.  All rights reserved.  www.healthnotes.com Please read the disclaimer about the limitations of the information provided here. Do NOT rely solely on the information in this article. Learn more about Healthnotes, the company.
	Atorvastatin 09/01/2007 An asterisk (*) next to an item in the summary indicates that the interaction is supported only by weak, fragmentary, and/or contradictory scientific evidence. Interactions with Supplements Coenzyme Q10 In a group of patients beginning treatment with atorvastatin, the average concentration of coenzyme Q10 in blood plasma decreased within 14 days, and had fallen by approximately 50% after 30 days of treatment.
	Atropine 09/01/2007 An asterisk (*) next to an item in the summary indicates that the interaction is supported only by weak, fragmentary, and/or contradictory scientific evidence. Interactions with Herbs Tannin-containing herbs Tannins are a group of unrelated chemicals that give plants an astringent taste. Herbs containing high amounts of tannins, such as green tea (Camellia sinensis), black tea, uva ursi (Arctostaphylos uva-ursi), black walnut (Juglans nigra), red raspberry (Rubus idaeus), oak (Quercus spp.
	Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder 09/01/2007 Symptoms What are the symptoms? ADHD is generally recognized by a pattern of inattention, distractibility, impulsivity, and hyperactivity estimated to affect 3 to 5% of school-aged children. Learning disabilities or emotional problems often accompany ADHD. Children with ADHD experience an inability to sit still and pay attention in class, and they often engage in disruptive behavior.
	Authors of Using Medicines with Vitamins & Herbs  This information does not replace the advice of a doctor. Healthwise disclaims any warranty or liability for your use of this information. Your use of this information means that you agree to the Terms of Use . How this information was developed to help you make better health decisions.
	Autism 09/01/2007 Symptoms What are the symptoms? Symptoms vary but are characterized by a difficulty in relating to people, objects, and events. Communication problems may be present, such as a lack of eye contact or response when their name is called; fixation on specific subjects or toys; difficulty with changes to routine or surroundings; and repetitive body movements, such as head banging or hand flapping.
	Ayurvedic Herbs 09/01/2007 This information does not replace the advice of a doctor. Healthwise disclaims any warranty or liability for your use of this information. Your use of this information means that you agree to the Terms of Use . How this information was developed to help you make better health decisions.
	Ayurvedic Herbs 02/15/2007 This information does not replace the advice of a doctor. Healthwise disclaims any warranty or liability for your use of this information. Your use of this information means that you agree to the Terms of Use . How this information was developed to help you make better health decisions.
	Azathioprine 09/01/2007 An asterisk (*) next to an item in the summary indicates that the interaction is supported only by weak, fragmentary, and/or contradictory scientific evidence. Interactions with Supplements Folic acid People receiving dialysis for kidney failure often have low blood levels of folic acid. However, folic acid blood levels should return to normal following kidney transplant.
	Azelastine 09/01/2007 An asterisk (*) next to an item in the summary indicates that the interaction is supported only by weak, fragmentary, and/or contradictory scientific evidence. Other Interactions Alcohol Drinking alcoholic beverages while using azelastine may increase side effects such as drowsiness, dizziness, and poor coordination. 1 Therefore, people using azelastine nasal spray should avoid drinking alcohol, especially when they must stay alert. References Sifton DW, ed. Physicians' Desk Reference.
	Azithromycin 09/01/2007 An asterisk (*) next to an item in the summary indicates that the interaction is supported only by weak, fragmentary, and/or contradictory scientific evidence. Interactions with Supplements Magnesium A magnesium- and aluminum-containing antacid was reported to interfere with azithromycin absorption in a study of ten healthy people. 1 People can avoid this interaction by taking azithromycin two hours before or after any aluminum/magnesium-containing products.
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